Ownership. Each Party shall own or Control, and shall continue to own or Control all Intellectual Property Rights, Trademarks and Know-How owned or Controlled by such Party as of the Effective Date of this Agreement, subject to the licenses and other rights granted hereunder. With respect to the ownership of Inventions (including Improvements):

Ownership. As between the Parties, each Party shall own and retain ownership of all Know-How and Patent Rights # owned by such Party as of the Effective Date or that come into the Control of such Party during the Term outside the scope of this Agreement, or # invented by the employees or representatives of such Party in the course of performance of activities pursuant to this Agreement. Inventorship of any inventions conceived or reduced to practice in the course of performance of activities pursuant to this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with U.S. patent laws.

Ownership. Subject only to the rights expressly granted to the other Party under this Agreement, each Party will retain all rights, title, and interests in and to any Intellectual Property Rights that are owned, licensed, or sublicensed by such Party prior to or independent of this Agreement. All determinations of ownership of inventions invented, conceived, discovered, created, or otherwise developed under this Agreement will be made in accordance with U.S. patent law.

Ownership of Technology. As between the Parties, each Party shall own and retain all rights, title, and interests in and to any and all: # inventions and other Know-How conceived, discovered, developed, or otherwise made by or on behalf of such Party (or its Affiliates or Sublicensees) under or in connection with this Agreement, whether or not patented or patentable, and any and all Patents Covering any such Know-How, and # other inventions and other Know-How, Patents, and other intellectual property rights that are owned or otherwise Controlled (other than pursuant to the license grants set forth herein) by such Party, its Affiliates, or its licensees or Sublicensees.

Pre-Existing Intellectual Property. Each Party shall own and retain all right, title and interest in and to any and all Know-How and other inventions that are conceived, discovered, developed, authored or otherwise made by or on behalf of such Party or its Affiliates (or its Licensees or Sublicensees, as applicable), prior to the Effective Date or pursuant to activities outside the scope of this Agreement,